Chapter 4 science, Matter and its characteristics class 4, Questions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 PTBB, Pakistan 2023 SLO's Topics covered in questions

 Chapter 4 science, class 4

Matter and its characteristics 

 PTBB, Pakistan 2023  SLO's Topics covered in questions 

Questions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10

Question :1

Define matter and its states?

Answer:

Observe the pictures given below. What are the objects shown in pictures made up of? Do all of these items have mass and occupy space?

Matter: 

Everything which has mass and occupies space is called matter.

States of Matter:

There are three states of matter i.e. 

1.Solid

2.Liquid

3.Gas

Question :2

Describe the characteristics of each state of matter with examples?

Answer:

There are three states of matter which are Solid, liquid and gas.

1. Solid

Press your book, table, pen or chair. Have these things become smaller on pressing? Many things do not become smaller on pressing. Their volume does not change. Such things are called solids. Solids have definite shape and volume. They have a definite shape and volume. Examples include ice, rocks, and books.

2. Liquid:

Liquid have definite volume but their shape is not definite. For example take a cup of water and pour it in a glass. Does the volume of water is same as it was in cup. Remember that water changes its shape but its volume remains fixed.

3. Gas

Air is the mixture of various gases. Gases have no definite shape and definite volume. Gases spread through the available space and it is not visible to us. We can feel only fragrance and odor of the gases.

For example, Natural gas, fragrance of flower. Can gas be pressed? Press a balloon filled with air or gas. It will burst suddenly. Yes, gases can be compressed or pressed. For example, when air is compressed inside a bicycle pump, it becomes denser, and more air can be stored in the tire.

Question :3

Compare and sort objects and materials on the basis of physical properties?

Answer:

Mass:

Quantity of matter is called mass.  Mass is usually measured in units like grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

Example 1: An apple has a mass of around 150 grams (g). This means there are 150 grams of matter in the apple.

Volume:

Space that an object occupies is called its volume. Volume is typically measured in units like cubic centimeters (cm³) or liters (L).

Example 1: A small juice box may have a volume of 200 milliliters (mL). This means the juice box can hold 200 mL of juice.

States of matter:

Solids have definite shape and volume. They have a definite shape and volume. In solids particles are strongly attached with each other. The particles vibrate but do not change their position. Examples include ice, rocks, and books.

Liquid have definite volume but their shape is not definite. The particles of liquid are near to each other. Liquid particles are weaker than solids. Examples include water, milk, and juice.

Gases: Air is the mixture of various gases. Gases have no definite shape and definite volume. They take the shape and volume of their container, and they can expand to fill the available space. The particles in gas are greater distance from each other. They can move freely in any direction to occupy all the available space.  Examples include air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.

Ability to float or sink in water:

Objects' ability to float or sink in water is determined by their density compared to the density of water. Density is the amount of mass per unit volume of an object. If an object is less dense than water, it will float, and if it is more dense, it will sink.

Question :4

Describe properties of metals like texture, appearance, color and density?

Answer:

Metal is a specific type of matter having the following properties:

Appearance:

All the matter lustrous it means shiny surface.

Texture:

Metals are usually solid. Some metals are hard and strong for example, iron .Some metals are soft such as gold, silver and copper. Due to this property, these are used to make foil sheets and wires.

Color:

Metals occur in various colors. Gold is yellow. Copper is red. Sliver is white. Tin and nickel are light pink. Zinc, chromium and aluminum are light blue in color. Most of the metals are grey in color.

Density:

Two objects have having equal volume may have different density for example some objects float on water and others sink in water. What is the reason? The floating and sinking depend on their density. If the object has less density, it floats on water. If the object has more density it sinks in water.

"The mass present in a definite volume is called density"

Question :5

Identify properties of metal like conducting heat heat and electricity and relate these properties to the use of metals like copper electric wire and iron cooking pots?

Answer:

Metal as conductor:

Metals as copper, aluminum and silver allow electricity to pass through them. These are the conductors of electricity. These types of metals are used to make electric wires. Metals are also good conductors of heat such as iron, copper and aluminum etc., Therefore, these metals are used in cooking utensils.

Question :6

Differentiate between solid and liquid?

Answer:

Solids have definite shape and volume. They have a definite shape and volume. In solids particles are strongly attached with each other. The particles vibrate but do not change their position. Examples include ice, rocks, and books.

Liquid have definite volume but their shape is not definite. The particles of liquid are near to each other. Liquid particles are weaker than solids. Examples include water, milk, and juice.

Question :6

Which state of matter has lowest density?

Answer:

Gases typically have the lowest density among the three main states of matter. In the gas state, particles are widely spaced and move freely, which leads to a lower mass per unit volume compared to solids and liquids.

Question :7

State the arrangement of particles in solid?

Answer:

In solids particles are strongly attached to each other. They vibrate but do not change their position. Solids can not be easily pressed.

Question :8

Why are cooking utensils made of metals?

Answer:

The metals which are good conductors of heat are used to make utensils for cooking food in metals pots.

Question :9

Why does the electrician wear rubber gloves while repairing the electric switch at your home?

Answer:

Electricians wear rubber gloves while repairing electric switches (or any electrical equipment) at your home for safety reasons. Rubber gloves are insulators, meaning they do not conduct electricity.

Question :10

Why is metal used in a bell?

Answer:

Metal is commonly used in making bells due to its unique properties that make it ideal for producing clear and resonant sounds, Durable and Sturdy, Easy Shaping and High Melting Points.

Question :11

Why are metals preferred for making ornaments?

Metals are preferred for making ornaments for several reasons:

Answer:

1. Durability
2. Luster and Shine
3. Easy Maintenance
4. Tradition and Cultural Significance

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