Chapter 5 science,  class 4


Forms of energy and energy transfer


 PTBB, Pakistan 2023  SLO's Topics covered in questions 

Questions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13


Question :1

Define energy?

Answer:

The ability to do work is called energy.

Question :2

Describe sources of energy?

Answer:

There are some sources of energy. Energy is produced through sun, flowing water, wind, coal, oil, gas. It also produces in light bulb, heat in the heater and sound of school bell.

Question :3

Explain that energy is needed to do work?

Answer:

Energy is used in the movements of humans and animals. We get energy through food to do our daily work. we get warm in winter through heat which we get from sun and heater.  We can see things because of light energy.

Question :4

Describe and Demonstrate the transformation of energy?

Answer:




In our daily life, we see that one form of energy can be transformed in another form of energy. Electricity produced from fast flowing water, it is called hydroelectricity. For this purpose, a dam is built. the water  of a river stored in a lake at a certain height. From there, the water flows through a tunnel. The energy in flowing water runs a turbine which runs generator that produces electricity.

ii: Thermal Power station:





In a thermal power station, we burn coal, oil or gas to change water into steam. This steam is used to run a turbine. The turbine runs a generator to produce electricity,


Question :5 ( SLO 4 & 5)

Explain the importance of energy conservation?

Answer:

Conservation of energy and its importance for humans and life on earth:

There are limited sources of the natural sources of energy like coal, oil and gas. We can not increase the amounts of such sources because these are made over millions of years. However, We can save these sources. For this purpose, we have to use them carefully. The energy for the fast growing population, energy resources can not support us. We need to make a balance between facilities for population and the supply of energy. Therefore, we need to create awareness among people to use the present sources carefully. We should also try to explore new sources of energy so that we and the next generations do not face problems of energy shortage.


Question :6

How can we relate physical phenomena( shadow, reflections and rainbows) to the behavior of light?

Answer:

Light is the form of energy that helps us to see things around us. The sun, stars and lightening are natural sources of light. When light can not pass through objects a shadow is formed behind it.

When light strikes the shiny and smooth surface of a mirror, it bounces back and enters our eyes. So, we can see our image. It is called reflection of light.

There are seven colors in light. After rain, some drops of water are suspended in the air. When the sunlight passes through droplets of water, It divides into seven colors which is called rainbow.

Question :7

How can we relate physical phenomena ( vibrating objects and echoes) to the production and behavior of sound?

Answer:

Sound is the form of energy that is produced by vibrations in an object. These vibrations reach our ears through the particles of the air. In this way we hear sound. Like light sound also reflects. When sound bounces back from an object at a certain distance and we hear it again, it is called echo.

Question :8

How do we recognize that warmer objects have a higher temperature than cooler objects?

Answer:

We recognize that warmer objects have a higher temperature than cooler objects through our senses and scientific instruments. Our skin feels the difference in temperature when touching objects. Scientifically, we measure temperature using thermometers.

Question :9

Investigate the changes that occur when a hot object in contact with cold object?

Answer:

When a hot object comes into contact with a cold object, several changes occur due to heat transfer. Heat flows from the hotter object to the colder one. The hotter object loses energy as its particles slow down, and its temperature decreases. Conversely, the colder object gains energy, causing its particles to speed up, leading to a temperature increase. 


Question :10

How do we measure temperature and understand its unit?

We measure temperature using thermometers. Doctors usually measure temperature in Fahrenheit scale. It represented as F. Centigrade degree is also unit of temperature written as C. We usually use centigrade degree unit to describe the condition of weather.



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